Sinusitis and how does it affect




What is Sinusitis and how does it affect the four sinus cavities?
 

The term sinusitis means an inflammation of one or more of the sinus cavities. 
When an irritation or allergy is inhaled through the nose it often lands on the mucus membranes surrounding the sinus cavities. These membranes are highly sensitive and can become irritated very easily. When this happens, the mucus membranes begin to swell and become thick. They also start to product more mucus.
Any thickening in these areas can result in the narrowing of the exit pathways or ostia making it difficult for mucus to drain freely. As mucus becomes trapped and builds up in the sinus cavities tremendous pressure, pain and headaches can be felt.
It is this blocked or trapped mucus that is the main reason why one develops sinusitis or sinus infections (acute, chronic or recurrent) as any accumulated mucus can become a haven for bacteria propagation and growth.

Fever and fatigue are two of the body’s natural, systematic ways to signal an inflammation of one or more of the mucus membranes when they become invaded by bacteria.

In very rare cases, untreated sinusitis can spread towards the back of the head affecting the brain and becoming life threatening.
Sinusitis can be classified based on which sinus cavities it is affecting:
  • Antritis is a type of sinusitis which occurs when only the maxillary sinus cavities are inflamed. It is also known as maxillary sinusitis and can be either chronic, acute or sub acute.
  • Ethmoiditis occurs when the ethmoid sinus cavities become infected and can occur chronically or on an acute basis. Another name for ethmoiditis is ethmoid sinusitis.
  • Sphenoiditis, which is also known as sphenoid sinusitis can present itself as chronic sinusitis but more often than not, is an acute infection. 
  • Frontal sinusitis occurs when your frontal sinus cavities become infected. These infections can be acute or chronic.

What are the causes and Risk Factors of Sinusitis?
 
Causes of Sinusitis include:
  • Air pollutants
  • Allergies
  • Untreated cold or flu
  • A viral infection of the upper respiratory tract
  • Fungal infections as these weaken the immune system
  • Untreated bacterial infections. The following are the main bacteria culprits: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenza.
The following can increase your risk of developing sinusitis:
  • Constant use of decongestant nasal sprays
  • Smoking
  • Swimming
  • Diving
  • Alcohol
  • Pets
  • Recurrent flu and colds symptoms.
  • Allergies
  • Stress 

There are three types of sinusitis
 
1. Acute Sinusitis
When an infection lasts for up to three weeks it is often a sign that it has become acute and can be referred to as acute sinusitis. 
Symptoms of Acute Sinusitis include:

  • Symptoms of a typical cold or flu which last for longer than one week may be indicative of a sinus infection.
  • The presence of thick, white or yellow mucus
  • Congestion
  • Post Nasal Drip
  • Fever
  • Swollen or sensitive cheek areas
  • Double or blurry vision
  • Pressure or sensitivity around the nose and inner eyes
  • Cold and flu symptoms which do not clear or which are never fully treated.
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2. Chronic Sinusitis
Chronic sinusitis is one of the most common chronic illnesses that people visit hospitals for and is often treated with the use of antibiotics.
What is Chronic Sinusitis?

Chronic sinusitis is a sinus infection that usually lasts for more than 3 weeks. This condition can continue for months and even years.

What causes Chronic sinusitis?
  • Allergies and bacterial infections are the main causes of Chronic Sinusitis.
  • The overuse of antibiotics and cortisone sprays have lead to more infectious forms of bacteria forming as well as new fungal infections of the sinus cavities.
  • Asthma and allergic disorders often cause chronic inflammation to thenasal mucosa. This inflammation causes chronic sinusitis.

Frequent use of medications can cause:

  • The development of drug resistant sinusitis.
  • Chronic usage of nasal sprays causes’ drying up of the sinuses initially which is seen as a “good sign”, however over time this leads to rebound congestion.
  • Rebound congestion can result in the development of mucus blockage, a pressure sensation in the sinuses, fever, poor sleep, headaches and post nasal drip.
  • A change in normal sinus mucosa make-up resulting in a chronic debilitating illness.
Symptoms of Chronic Sinusitis include:
  • Chronic sore throat and halitosis (Bad Breath)
  • Restlessness and discomfort throughout the day
  • Blocked nasal passages and congestion
  • Persistent headaches
  • Thick, green mucus
  • Heavy pressure experienced in the facial region

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